मंथन
संजय श्रमण
प्राचीन भारत में आर्यों के प्रवेश के पूर्व ईश्वर, सृष्टिकर्ता या ब्रह्म जैसा कोई सिद्धांत न था। बौध्द और जैन दर्शन कृति एवं प्र-कृति को मानते थे, ईश्वर को नहीं।
श्रमण परम्परा के इन दोनों धर्मों में ईश्वर या सृष्टिकर्ता नहीं बल्कि ‘स्व’ की खोज या पहचान ही चरम लक्ष्य था। अंत में जैन धर्म आत्मा और पुनर्जन्म तक पहुंचता है और बौध्द धर्म आत्मा को क्षणिक रचना कहकर अनात्मा और शून्य तक पहुंचता है।
इसके तुरंत बाद अब्राहमिक परम्परा में जन्मे ब्राह्मण व ब्रह्म भारत में प्रवेश करते हैं। वे जैनों के आत्मा के सिद्धांत को लपक लेते हैं और अब्राहमिक ‘रूह’ के सिद्धांत को जैनों के आत्मा और पुनर्जन्म से जोड़ देते हैं। इसी के साथ जैन धर्म पर विजय पूरी हो जाती है। इसके बाद जैनों का नरसंहार और ब्राह्मणीकरण होता है।
इसके बाद ब्राह्मण धर्म संगठित होकर बौद्धों के महासिद्धान्त अनात्मा, क्षणिकवाद और शून्य को चबाकर निगलने की कोशिश करता है। नागार्जुन के शून्यवाद को अद्वैत के रूप में परिवर्तित करने का प्रयास होता है। शंकराचार्य के गुरु गोविंदपाद और उनके गुरु गौड़पाद द्वारा नागार्जुन के शून्यवाद को अद्वैत में रूपांतरित किया जाता है। इसके बाद बौद्धों का नरसंहार और ब्राह्मणीकरण होता है।
श्रमण परम्परा में ईश्वर होता ही नहीं। सिर्फ स्व या सेल्फ होता है। एक काल्पनिक ईश्वर या ब्रह्म की रचना करके उसके और आत्मा के बीच अद्वैत की घोषणा एक बचकानी बात है, यह राजनीतिक उपकरण है जिससे राजा को ईश्वर पुत्र के रूप में वैधता दी जाती है। यह असल में यहूदी और पारसी परम्परा है।
श्रमण परम्परा में इसका कोई स्कोप ही नहीं। हालांकि बाद में भगवान पद्मसंभव के दर्शन को तिब्बत में पतित बौद्धों ने ईश्वर नहीं बल्कि पुनर्जन्म से जोड़कर नया खेल रच डाला। लामा के पुनर्जन्म के आधार लामा को राष्ट्राध्यक्ष बनाये रखने का यही खेल खेला और तिब्बत को बर्बाद कर चुका है।
अद्वैत या विशिष्टाद्वैत असल मे दो काल्पनिक चीजों के बीच में एकता या भिन्नता सिद्ध करने का शक्ति व सत्ता की राजनीति से प्रेरित दर्शन है। इसका लक्ष्य राजसत्ता को सुरक्षित रखते हुए प्रजा को ईश्वर व राजा का गुलाम बनाना था। वर्ण और भेद भरी व्यवस्था को वैधता देने की यह रणनीति बहुत सफल रही। आज भी यह जारी है।
बौध्द दर्शन और आधुनिक विज्ञान दोनों कहते हैं कि अक्षर आत्मा/ठोस स्व और ईश्वर/ब्रह्म ये सब मन की कल्पना भर है। अब ऐसी काल्पनिक बातों के आपसी संबंधों को अद्वैत, त्रैत, द्वैत, विशिष्ठ अद्वैत आदि कुछ भी कहते रहो इससे कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता।
मूल बात श्रमण दर्शन और गौतम बुध्द ने स्थापित कर दी है।
शून्य ही वास्तविक है, शेष सब मन का प्रक्षेपण और निर्माण है। जगत भी हमें जिस तरह भासता है वह हमारे मन का निर्माण है।और इस कल्पना या आत्म प्रक्षेपण को अपने मन की रचना के रूप में ठीक से जान लेना ही निर्वाण है।
और अपने मन को क्षण-क्षण रचना और व्याख्या निर्मित करते हुए जानना ही सम्यक स्मृति या विपश्यना है। इस महान दर्शन को अद्वैत, विशिष्टाद्वैत, अचिन्त्य भेदाभेद आदि के षड्यंत्र से नष्ट करके ब्रह्म, ब्रह्मपुरुष, वर्ण और ईश्वरपुत्र राजा की तानाशाही भारत पर थोपी गयी है।
शीघ्र ही वह समय आ रहा है जबकि भारत के मौलिक दर्शन और सम्प्रदाय इस षड्यंत्र को उखाड़ फेंकेंगे।
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