सरिस्का के जंगलों की आग: क्या क्लाइमेट चेंज है इसके लिए ज़िम्मेदार?

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राजस्थान

बीते कुछ दिनों से राजस्थान के सरिस्का के जंगलों में लगी आग के विज़ुअल सोशल मीडिया पर वायरल हो रहे हैं। इन वायरल होते वीडियोज़ के साथ ही एक सवाल भी वायरल हो रहा है कि आखिर क्यों लग रही है जंगलों में आग। क्या उत्तर पश्चिमी भारत में चल रही हीटवेव है इसकी वजह या क्लाइमेटचेंज है इसके लिए ज़िम्मेदार?

द इंडिया स्टेट ऑफ फॉरेस्ट रिपोर्ट 2021 में नवंबर 2020 और जून 2021 के बीच 2019-20 की अवधि के मुकाबले जंगलों की आग के मामलों में 177 प्रतिशत की वृद्धि का दावा किया गया है जबकि वन विशेषज्ञों ने वर्ष 2019-20 में जंगलों में आग की घटनाओं में भारी कमी का हवाला देते हुए कहा कि लॉकडाउन की वजह से मानव हस्तक्षेप में आई कमी के कारण ऐसा हुआ था। इसमें कोई शक नहीं है कि भीषण और निरंतर आग जंगलों की कार्बन सोखने की क्षमता को नुकसान पहुंचा रही है।

जवाब तलाशते हुए जब विशेषज्ञों से बात कि गयी तो उन्होने इस सवाल के जवाब पर कुछ प्रकाश तो डाला ही, मगर साथ ही एक चिंताजंक तस्वीर भी पेश की।

उनके मुताबिक़ सरिस्का बाघ अभयारण्य के जंगलों में लगी आग अत्यधिक गर्मी की वजह से आग के और भयंकर रूप ले लेने का मामला नज़र आती है। जंगल में लगने वाली आग की तीव्रता और बढ़ती आवृत्ति इसकी वजह से जैव विविधता पर व्याप्त खतरे और वन्य जीव संरक्षण की दिशा में दशकों के प्रयासों के मटियामेट होने के खतरे की तरफ भी इशारा करती है। ऐसा इसलिए क्योंकि यह तापमान किसी भी अनुमानित मौसमी हीटवेव से बहुत ज्यादा है और कुछ मायनों में जलवायु परिवर्तन के गैर-रेखीय प्रभावों के बारे में बताते हैं।

इंडियन इंस्टीट्यूट फॉर हुमन सेटेलमेंट्स के स्कूल ऑफ एनवायरनमेंट एंड सस्टेनेबिलिटी के डीन तथा बायोडायवर्सिटी कोलैबोरेटिव के सदस्य डॉक्टर जगदीश कृष्णास्वामी कहते हैं, “भारत के शुष्क वन जिनमें से कुछ सवाना वुडलैंड भी हैं, हमेशा से अपने सह-विकास के हिस्से के तौर पर आग से घिरे हैं। हालांकि जलवायु परिवर्तन की वर्तमान स्थितियों के तहत हीटवेव के कई और दौर आएंगे, जिनकी वजह से इन जंगलों में आग लगने का खतरा और ज्यादा बढ़ेगा। हालांकि हम बढ़ती हुई हीटवेव्स और ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर नियंत्रण नहीं रख सकते। ऐसे में हमें जंगलों की आग को संभालने के लिए बेहतर योजना बनाने की जरूरत है। इसके लिए नियंत्रित दाह, फायर लाइंस और आग से संबंधित जोखिम के मानचित्रण के साथ सुधरे हुए अल्पकालिक मौसम पूर्वानुमान पर आधारित पूर्व चेतावनी प्रणालियां हमारे सामने विकल्प के तौर पर मौजूद हैं। विभिन्न मौजूदा तथा नई प्रौद्योगिकियों का इस्तेमाल करके आग का जल्दी ही पता लगा लेना संभव है। आने वाले कुछ वर्षों में हीटवेव के दौर बढ़ेंगे। गर्मियां और अधिक गर्म होंगी या मानसूनी बारिश में कमी होगी इसलिए जलवायु परिवर्तन की स्थितियों के तहत जंगलों की आग को प्रबंधित और नियंत्रित करने के विभिन्न रास्ते खोजने पर और अधिक जोर देने की जरूरत है। लक्ष्य यह होगा कि बहुत बड़े क्षेत्रों में फैलने वाली बहुत भयंकर आग के खतरे को न्यूनतम किया जाए।”

आगे, इंपीरियल कॉलेज लंदन के डॉक्टर फ्रीडराइक ओटो कहते हैं, “जलवायु परिवर्तन की वजह से भारत की मौजूदा हीटवेव और भी ज्यादा गर्म हो गई है और यह मानव की गतिविधियों जैसे कि कोयला तथा अन्य जीवाश्म ईंधन जलाने की वजह से हुआ है। अब दुनिया में हर जगह हर हीटवेव का ऐसा ही मामला हो गया है। जब तक नेट ग्रीनहाउस गैस का उत्सर्जन खत्म नहीं होता, तब तक भारत तथा अन्य स्थानों पर हीटवेव और भी ज्यादा गर्म तथा अधिक खतरनाक बनी रहेगी।”

वहीं, मेटास्ट्रिंग फाउंडेशन के सीईओ और बायोडायवर्सिटी कोलैबोरेटिव के सदस्य डॉक्टर रवि चेल्लम, मानते हैं कि, “जंगलों की आग दुनिया भर में अनेक पारिस्थितिकियों की कुदरती पारिस्थितिकी का हिस्सा है। दरअसल अनेक पर्यावास और प्रजातियां आग पर निर्भर करती हैं। यह जंगलों की आग की बढ़ती आवृत्ति तीव्रता और पैमाना ही है जो जलवायु परिवर्तन की वजह से और भी ज्यादा भड़क गया है और नुकसान में यह वृद्धि पर्यावासों के अपघटन और विखंडन में भी तेजी ला रही है जो कि एक समस्या है।”

इस बीच राजस्थान के अलवर के प्रभागीय वन अधिकारी सुदर्शन शर्मा कहते हैं, “हालांकि आग लगने के कारण अब भी अज्ञात हैं लेकिन लगातार चढ़ते तापमान की वजह से हालात बदतर हो गए हैं। पिछले कुछ दिनों से क्षेत्र में बारिश नहीं होने और तापमान के चरम स्तर तक पहुंच जाने की वजह से सूखी पत्तियां और लकड़ी काफी मात्रा में एकत्र हो गई हैं। ऐसी स्थिति में हल्की सी भी चिंगारी बहुत बड़े पैमाने पर जंगल की आग में तब्दील हो सकती है। जैसा कि हम इस वक्त देख भी रहे हैं। इसकी वजह से हालात कई गुना खराब हो गए हैं। सरिस्का बाघों के लिए जाना जाता है लेकिन जंगलों में लगी आग संपूर्ण वन्यजीवन पारिस्थितिकी तथा वनस्पति संपदा के लिए खतरा पैदा कर रही है।”

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